Ivan Konev
Ivan Stepanovich Konev (Russian: Ива́н Степа́нович Ко́нев; 28 December [O.S. 16 December] 1897 – 21 May 1973), was a Soviet military commander, who led Red Army forces on the Eastern Front during World War II, retook much of Eastern Europe from occupation by the Axis Powers, and helped in the capture of Germany's capital, Berlin.
In 1956, as the Commander of Warsaw Pact forces, Konev led the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution by Soviet armoured divisions.
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Волгоград присоединился к всероссийской акции «Кемерово, мы с тобой».
В России вспоминают жертв кемеровской трагедии. В крупных городах страны этим вечером прошли митинги в память о жертвах пожара в торговом центре. Напомним, огонь унес жизни более 40 детей. Всего погибшими признаны 64 человека. Жители Волгограда, которые с первых сообщений о пожаре в Кузбассе следили за тревожными новостями, собрались 27 марта в Комсомольском саду. Участие в импровизированном митинге принял губернатор. Андрей Бочаров вместе с другими волгоградцами почтил память погибших.
Жители города обратились к соотечественникам, которые потеряли в пожаре близких, со словами поддержки и сочувствия. Волгоградцы помнят, как так же солидарны были жители других регионов страны в дни, когда наш регион принял вызов и столкнулся с чрезвычайной ситуацией после взрыва газа на улице Космонавтов. Тогда Волгограду сопереживала вся страна. Сегодня наши земляки и все мы понимаем, как важно разделить беду кемеровчан. На место стихийного мемориала продолжают идти люди.
28 марта станет днем общероссийского траура по погибшим в Кемерове. Такое постановление подписал Президент Владимир Путин. Это означает, что будут приспущены государственные флаги, отменены развлекательные мероприятия. Телеканалы меняют сетку вещания, из эфира исключена реклама.
В ГТРК «Волгоград-ТРВ» еще накануне было принято решение о снятии на региональном канале «Волгоград 24» с эфира программ развлекательного характера, сериалов и художественных фильмов. Мы скорбим вместе с жителями Кемерово.
27 марта во всех храмах региона и всей страны прошли панихиды в память о погибших. По благословению Патриарха Московского и Всея Руси Кирилла 27 марта во всех храмах волгоградской епархии отслужили заупокойную панихиду о невинно погибших при пожаре в Кемерове. Молились православные и о здравии и скорейшем исцелении пострадавших в огне. По словам священнослужителей, социальный отдел волгоградской епархии находится на связи с Кемерово. Задача – поддержать родственников жертв трагедии не только морально, но и оказать им посильную материальную помощь.
К общей скорби в эти дни присоединилась вся Россия. Приспущены флаги в Рязани. В Ингушетии, Приморском крае объявлен трехдневный траур.
«Кемерово, скорбим» выложили в печально известной школе № 1 Беслана. Жители собрались в спортзале почтить память жертв пожара минутой молчания. Поддерживают кемеровчан жители Калуги, Екатеринбурга. В Республике Коми собирают средства для пострадавших, а благотворительную акцию объявила сыктывкарская епархия. В соборе Орла прошла панихида по погибшим, а жители Вологды зажгли свечи у мемориала «Вечный огонь». В Севастополе выложили огромный знак из свечей. В акции приняли участие сотни людей. Красные гвоздики несут к Александровской колонне в Санкт-Петербурге. На трагедию откликнулась без преувеличения вся Россия.
В Комсомольском саду Волгограда вечером 27 марта состоялся памятный митинг. Сотни жителей города пришли, чтобы разделить скорбь кемеровчан и отдать дань памяти жертвам трагедии.
Тысячи жителей страны сегодня хотят помочь пострадавшим и родственникам погибших в Кемерове. «Российский Красный Крест» открыл специальный счет для перечисления пожертвований. Только за первый час работы удалось собрать более 100 тысяч рублей. Деньги переводят на счет Кемеровского регионального отделения.
Реквизитами счета люди активно делятся в социальных сетях. Специалисты подчеркивают, перемещение и распределение денежных потоков будет максимально прозрачным для всех.
Банковские реквизиты для перечисления пожертвований:
Кемеровское региональное отделение
Общероссийской общественной организации
«Российский Красный Крест»
ИНН/КПП 4207013405 / 420501001
Отделение № 8615 Сбербанка России г. Кемерово
Расчетный счет 40703810426020100054
Кор.счет 30101810200000000612
БИК 043207612
Назначение платежа: оказание помощи пострадавшим при пожаре
Перечислить средства Вы также можете на сайте Кемеровского регионального отделения РКК в разделе «ПОМОЧЬ» / «помочь пострадавшим при пожаре».
Дополнительную информацию узнавайте по телефону: +7 (3842) 75-04-76.
Источник: «Вести-Волгоград» volgograd-trv.ru
--------------------------------
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Joseph Stalin | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Joseph Stalin
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Joseph Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; 18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian ethnicity. He ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 and the nation's Premier from 1941 to 1953. Initially presiding over an oligarchic one-party system that governed by plurality, he became the de facto dictator of the Soviet Union by the 1930s. Ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies became known as Stalinism.
Born to a poor family in Gori, Russian Empire (now Georgia), Stalin began his revolutionary career by joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party as a youth. He edited the party's newspaper, Pravda, and raised funds for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction via robberies, kidnappings, and protection rackets. Repeatedly arrested, he underwent several internal exiles. After the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia during the 1917 October Revolution, Stalin joined the party's governing Politburo, where he was instrumental in overseeing the Soviet Union's establishment in 1922. As Lenin fell ill and then died in 1924, Stalin assumed leadership over the country. During Stalin's rule, Socialism in One Country became a central tenet of the party's dogma, and Lenin's New Economic Policy was replaced with a centralized command economy. Under the Five-Year Plan system, the country underwent collectivisation and rapid industrialization but experienced significant disruptions in food production that contributed to the famine of 1932–33. To eradicate those regarded as enemies of the working class, Stalin instituted the Great Purge, in which over a million were imprisoned and at least 700,000 executed between 1934 and 1939.
Stalin's government promoted Marxism–Leninism abroad through the Communist International and supported anti-fascist movements throughout Europe during the 1930s, particularly in the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, it signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany, resulting in their joint invasion of Poland. Germany ended the pact by invading the Soviet Union in 1941. Despite initial setbacks, the Soviet Red Army repelled the German incursion and captured Berlin in 1945, ending World War II in Europe. The Soviets annexed the Baltic states and helped establish Soviet-aligned governments throughout Central and Eastern Europe, China and North Korea. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged from the war as the two world superpowers. Tensions arose between the Soviet-backed Eastern Bloc and U.S.-backed Western Bloc which became known as the Cold War. Stalin led his country through its post-war reconstruction, during which it developed a nuclear weapon in 1949. In these years, the country experienced another major famine and an anti-semitic campaign peaking in the Doctors' plot. Stalin died in 1953 and was eventually succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who denounced his predecessor and initiated a de-Stalinisation process throughout Soviet society.
Widely considered one of the 20th century's most significant figures, Stalin was the subject of a pervasive personality cult within the international Marxist–Leninist movement, for whom Stalin was a champion of socialism and the working class. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Stalin has retained popularity in Russia and Georgia as a victorious wartime leader who established the Soviet Union as a major world power. Conversely, his totalitarian government has been widely condemned for overseeing mass repressions, ethnic cleansing, hundreds of thousands of executions, and famines which caused the deaths of millions.
Российская Империя: Александр II, часть 1. [11/16] [Eng Sub]
Российская Империя. Александр II. Часть первая.
* Воспитание будущего императора.
* Окончание Кавказской войны.
* Отмена крепостного права и другие реформы.
* Подробности продажи Аляски.
* История создания журнала «Современник».
* Присоединение Средней Азии.
* Русский ситец как высшее достижение отечественной лёгкой промышленности.
* Василий Верещагин — художник протеста.
Auschwitz | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Auschwitz
00:02:57 1 History
00:03:06 1.1 Background
00:05:55 1.2 Auschwitz I
00:09:29 1.3 Auschwitz II-Birkenau
00:12:51 1.3.1 Family camps
00:15:10 1.4 Auschwitz III
00:18:30 1.5 Subcamps
00:20:06 1.6 Evacuation and death marches
00:22:31 1.7 Liberation
00:26:21 1.8 Trials of war criminals
00:28:22 2 Command and control
00:31:47 3 Life in the camps
00:38:20 4 Selection and extermination process
00:44:29 4.1 Medical experiments
00:46:30 4.2 Death toll
00:49:57 5 Escapes, resistance, and the Allies' knowledge of the camps
00:54:51 5.1 Individual escape attempts
00:56:29 5.2 iSonderkommando/i revolt
00:57:51 6 Legacy
01:00:02 6.1 Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
01:03:04 7 See also
01:03:13 8 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II. It consisted of Auschwitz I (the original concentration camp), Auschwitz II–Birkenau (a combined concentration/extermination camp), Auschwitz III–Monowitz (a labor camp to staff an IG Farben factory), and 45 satellite camps.
Auschwitz I was first constructed to hold Polish political prisoners, who began to arrive in May 1940. The first extermination of prisoners took place in September 1941. Auschwitz II–Birkenau went on to become a major site of the Nazis' Final Solution to the Jewish Question during the Holocaust. From early 1942 until late 1944, transport trains delivered Jews to the camp's gas chambers from all over German-occupied Europe, where they were killed en masse with the cyanide-based poison Zyklon B, originally developed to be used as a pesticide. An estimated 1.3 million people were sent to the camp, of whom at least 1.1 million died. Around 90 percent of those were Jews; approximately one in six Jews killed in the Holocaust died at the camp. Others deported to Auschwitz included 150,000 Poles, 23,000 Romani and Sinti, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war, 400 Jehovah's Witnesses, and tens of thousands of others of diverse nationalities, including an unknown number of homosexuals. Many of those not killed in the gas chambers died of starvation, forced labor, infectious diseases, individual executions, and medical experiments.
In the course of the war, the camp was staffed by 7,000 members of the German Schutzstaffel (SS), approximately 12 percent of whom were later convicted of war crimes. Some, including camp commandant Rudolf Höss, were executed. The Allied Powers did not act on early reports of atrocities at the camp, and their failure to bomb the camp or its railways remains controversial. At least 802 prisoners attempted to escape from Auschwitz, 144 successfully, and on 7 October 1944 two Sonderkommando units, consisting of prisoners assigned to staff the gas chambers, launched a brief, unsuccessful uprising.
As Soviet troops approached Auschwitz in January 1945, most of its population was sent west on a death march. The prisoners remaining at the camp were liberated on 27 January 1945, a day now commemorated as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. In the following decades, survivors such as Primo Levi, Viktor Frankl, and Elie Wiesel wrote memoirs of their experiences in Auschwitz, and the camp became a dominant symbol of the Holocaust. In 1947 Poland founded the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum on the site of Auschwitz I and II, and in 1979 it was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Gulf of Finland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gulf of Finland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Gulf of Finland (Finnish: Suomenlahti; Estonian: Soome laht; Russian: Фи́нский зали́в, tr. Finskiy zaliv, IPA: [ˈfʲinskʲɪj zɐˈlʲif]; Swedish: Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland (to the north) and Estonia (to the south) all the way to Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the Gulf of Finland belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbours are located farthest in, near Saint Petersburg (including Primorsk). As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the Gulf of Finland has been and continues to be of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf.