City walls and gate (porta caesarea) - part of the ancient Roman town Salona (Solin, Croatia)
Part of city walls and one of gates in ancient Salona.
Short description:
The construction of the Salonitan city walls took several centuries. The old part of the city - 'Urbs vetus' - was trapezoidal in shape. It was encircled by walls as early as the 2nd century BC. The walls surrounding the old city nucleus are best preserved to the north and south of the 'Porta Caesarea. They have been built of huge stone blocks having an external and an internal surface. On the north-east corner of the walls remains of a square angle-tower, made of massive stone blocks, have been found.
Upon conquering the Illyrian Delmati and the ensuring period of peace, the Pax Romana, Salona was graduelly starting to expand outside the walls. During the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius around 170 A.D., under constant threat of incursions of Germanic tribes Quadi and Marcomanns, both the west and east suburbs were being encircled by walls and fortified with towers (so far more than 90 towers have been discovered). In the course of the construction of the walls some of the already existing buildings were used, thereby becoming their integral part. The surface part of the water supply system was built into the west wall of the eastern part of the city.
The amphitheatre, too, was incorporated into the defence system in much the same way. From that time onwards the walls of Salona were extending from the amphitheatre in the west to the city gate (Porta Andetria) in the north-east. This was how Salona assumed an elongated elliptical shape, with axes being about 1,600m in the east-west direction and some 700m extending from the north to the south. The walls circmference was approximately 4,080m. The walls were not equally wide, their width varying from 1.9m to 2.5m.
The walls were subsequently repaired on several occasions, depending upon the immediate danger of war. During the reign of Emperor Theodosius II in the early 5th century all the towers were reconstructed, as witnessed by an inscription cut into the city walls. During the Byzantine-Gothic wars in the first half of the 6th century, following the conquest of Salona by the Byzantine army, the walls started to be repaired in order to improve security and defence, and triangular endings were added to some square shaped towers.
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Big public baths and 5 bridges in ancient Roman town Salona(Croatia,Solin)
Short description:
The great cityy thermae/baths
The baths, 'thermae', are an amenity typical of the Roman civilisation and therefore constituted an indispensable part of the Roman urban culture. They were the venu of intensive social and cultural life.
Remains of a number of both private and public baths have discovered in Salona. The best preserved are the so-called Great City Thermae built at the end of the 2nd or the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. in the east part of the town. The building is rectangular in shape with three symmetrically arranged apses in the north and one in the west.
The complex of the thermae was reached from the south side and in the centre there was an open yard with a porch. To the north there was an adjoining elongated spacious room, housing a semicircular pool, the 'piscina', filled with cold water, the 'frigidarium'. To the left there were two dressing rooms, with benches for sitting and openings in the wall for clothes. The room to the west was also used as a massage room, the 'unctorium'. The room ending with an apse served both as a lounge and an exercise room. To the right there were hot baths and the sauna: 'caldarium', 'tepidarium', and 'sudatorium'.
The Salonitan thermae were heated in a usual way - by hypocaustics. From the furnace room, the 'preafurnium', the hot air was conducted between the hypocaustic bars and, circulating through hollow ceramic tubes, the 'tubuli', heated the rooms. The thermae were finely decorated, which is evident from the remnants of frescoes on the walls and fragments of mosaics covering the floor.
Two crosses cut into the stone lintels by the eastern wall of the 'caldarium' bear witness to the fact that in the late antiquity the City Thermae were used by the Salonitan Christians as well.
The five bridges
...,outside the walls enclosing the old city, 'Urbs vetus', westernmost backwater of the Jadro was flowing. In the 1st century B.C. it was built five-arch bridge supported by massive pylons. It was constructed from finely chiselled stones arranged in a regular pattern and connected with mortar. The bridge was situated on an important regional road which was a continuation of the old city main communication, 'decumanus maximus'. The road was passing through the eastern city gate, the so-called 'Porta Caesarea' and, in the immediate vicinity of the bridge, branched into two roads. First was leading towards the north-east to the so-called 'Porta Andetria' and further into the hinterland, and the other across the bridge in the direction of 'Epetium' (Stobreč) and further southwards along the Adriatic coast. As early as the 1st century B.C. alongside this road necropoles grew, many of them being gradually abandoned as the city was spreading eastwards.
In the late antiquity a building was eracted to the north of the bridge whose exact purpose has not been established. It is believed to have been either a textile and dying workshop or an olive oil manufacture. To the west of the bridge there is a road paved with stone of irregular pattern, as well as remnants of residential buildings.
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The Ancient Roman Ruins of Salona - Croatia HD
Salona was an ancient city and capital of Dalmatae in the time of the Roman empire. Dalmatae is modern day Dalmatia, part of Croatia, and Salona is modern day Solin. Colonia Martia Iulia Salona (full name of the ancient city) was founded after the Roman civil wars under Julius Caesar, but it's roots date back in the time of the Greeks. In the time of the Roman Emperor Diocletian, he built a palace nearby, this structure, known as Diocletian's Palace, became the core of the modern city of Split. Salona was destroyed in the invasions of the Avars and Slavs in the sixth and seventh centuries CE. Today only shells remain of this ancient city and they are in order of appearance: Amphitheatre, Basilica of the Five Martyrs, Theatre & Forum, Five Bridges, Episcopal center & city baths and Manastirine.
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Tusculum & Centrum Salona, Croatia
Salona walls and thermae (baths) date from the 2nd Century. Towers and a gate, Porta Caesarea, were added in the 6th Century. The Salona Gardens lead you from the top area to the lower area. Background music is Smooth Ridin by Huma-Huma.
Oldest part of ancient Roman town Salona (Croatia,Solin)
Short description of the Roman forum with capitolium, the ancient theatre and the another temple:
The centre of the ancient Salona's public and political life, the 'forum', is located in the south-east part of the old town nucleus. It was situated close to one of the town's communications ( 'cardo maximus' ) on a natural elevation, extending from the north to the south, shaped as an elongated rectangle (45x70m). During the regin of Emperor Augustus on its north side of the town's main religious centre the 'capitolium', the temple, was built, dedicated to the 'capitoline' triad - Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. The 'capitolium' complex consisted of three separate architectural elements. The central edifice of a square ground-plan with a staircase was flanked by a temple ( 'tetrastyle prostyle' type) on each side. To the north of the 'forum' remnants of the town baths ( 'thermae' ) have been found, originating from the Early Imperial period, while the city hall, the 'curia', built in the 1st century A.D., was located to the east.
The theatre was built in the latter half of 1st century A.D. in the immediate vicinity of the 'forum', on the west side. It was partly constructed on a natural slope. By its dimensions (65x58m) the Salonitan theatre ranks among medium-sized edifices of this type in the Roman world. The auditorium ( 'cavea' ) was semicircular, with two tiers of seats, and could accommodate some 3,500 spectators. In front of the auditorium there was a semicircular 'orchestra' with seats reserved for senior officials and distinguished citizens.
On the auditorium's outer shell there were a number of openings formed and supported by massive arched pillars. On its north side three rectangular pillars formed a double monumental entrance to the auditorium. The theatre could also be entered through two lateral entrances ( 'paradoi' ), leading to the 'orchestra' and to the lower tiers of the auditorium. The theatrical performance took place on a raised podium ( 'pulpitum' ) in front of the scaena', whose facade, the 'scaenae frons' was lavishly articulated with decorative architectural elements. In the middle of the facade a deep semicircular niche was located, with the main gate, the 'porta regia', leading to the stage.
To the south of the theatre there was a temple of the 'tetrastyle prostyle' type dating from an earlier period and dedicated to either Dionysus or Liber. It consisted of a square 'cela' and a deep vestibule ( pronaos), and the facade had four massive channelled columns adorned with Corinthian capitals. It was eracted on a high podium with an access staircase which was removed later, while the theatre was being built. During the final stage of the construction a porch was added to each side of the temple.
In the 2nd and the 3rd century A.D. the 'forum' expanded and porches were built, while the 'capitoline temples' were reconstructed and the 'curia' resored. In Diocletian's time the theatre was also redecorated and a porch was added to its south side. In the 4th century Salona became a Christian town, the 'forum' thereby losing its significance and role as the city centre.
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Gate of Dalmatia: Most beautiful place in the world (Klis,Solin,Split-Croatia)
Klis fortress and surrounding
Salona, Solin
Music: Titans - Vangelis
Roman gates around the old city in Pula, Croatia
Pula's Twin Gate and its Gate of Hercules two of the entrances in the Roman fortifications around the old city.
Manastirine part of ancient Roman town Salona (Croatia, Solin)
Old church at Manastirine part of ancient Salona.
Short description: The remains of the basilica and the cementary of Manastirine constitute the most important Early Christian complex of Salona, situated outside the town. In the north-eastern part of the site remnants have been found originating from the earliest history of Salona, dating back to the 2nd century B.C. In the 1st century A.D. a Roman pagan necropolis started to grow in the area of Manastirine, as confirmed both by numerous grave inscriptions and walls of 'hortus' - arranged and fenced cemetery plot.
The first christian funeral known to have taken place at the necropolis was the one of the Salonitan bishop martyr Domnio, who had come to Salona from Syrian city of Antioch. He was executed in the amphitheatre of Salona on the the 10th of April 304A.D., during Diocletian's last persecutions of Christians. Domnio's body was deposited in a vaulted tomb, around which the Salonitan Christians soon commenced to bury their dead.
At the end of the 4th century a simple square building was eracted, the Memorial Chapel I, containing the tombs of Domnio and his successors to the Salonitan bishop's chair. Simultaneously private chapels, the so-called memories, were being eracted, accommodating the graves and sarcophagi of more affluent Christians. The Memorial Chapel I is surrounded by square-shaped buidings with apses.
At the end of the 4th century, during the German incursions, the entire complex was partly destroyed, and after that, in the middle of the 5th century a large three-naved basilica (42x20m), with a pronounced apse on the east side, was erected above. The Memorial Chapel I and Domnio's grave were thus left in the 'presbytery' (shrine) of the basilica.
In the 6th century the basilica was annexed and reconstructed. On the west side a 'narthex' with a three-part entrance was added, and the interior of the basilica was fitted with new furnishings. In the nave, in front of the 'transept', a 'schola cantorum' enclosed by 'plutei' was built, providing the space for the church choir. A new marble altar partition decorated with a sea-shell motif was mounted, separating the 'presbytery' with the altar and the martyr's grave from the rest of the church.
In the early 7th century both the basilica and the cemetery were looted and partly destroyed. The church was subsequently entirely reconstructed once again, and the 'presbytery' was adapted for the pilgrims visiting the grave of the martyr Domnio.
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Postcard from Croatia
Trip througth Croatia. I and my grilfriend visited some cities and beautiful places. We started in Pula next stop was Sibenik, National Park Krka, Split, Omiš, Plitvice Lakes and finished in Dubrovník. It was a beauty see new places and new people. We came 3 350 km in 3 days. Thank you my darling. What is the next place?
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Roman amphitheatar in Salona (Croatia)
A roman city of Salona was the biggest city on eastern coast of Adriatic sea (60 000 inhabitans). The emperor Diocletianus build his residence near the city. Nowdays is here city of Solin and just few kilometers away city of Split.
Salona
Just outside of Split you can find the ancient ruins of the former Roman city of Salona. Before its destruction by Slavs and Avars in the sixth century, Salona was a lively and prosperous city with an amphitheater, forum, theater, public baths and an aqueduct. Nowadays you can visit it, walk between the ruins and enjoy the view on Split and the surrounding mountains
Episcopal centre part of the ancient Roman town Salona (Solin,Croatia)
Short description of the Episcopal centre of the Salona:
The centre of the Early Christian Salona is located in the eastern part of the town ( 'Urbs Nova Orientalis), in the immediate vicinity of the Christian oratory (Oratorium A), where the first Salonitan Christian secretly gathered for prayer and worship. It was the oldest church of Salona, called 'domus ecclesiae', and was used from the middle of the 3rd century, from the time of Salonitan Bishop Venantius. The oratory was situated in the baths of a private house, whose largest room was converted and adapted for the Christian liturgy. The room was divided by a partition into two parts: the 'presbytery' with a semicircular bench for the clergy and the space for the congregation. To the south of the 'Oratorium A' there was another oratory, Oratorium B.
After the Edict of Milan on Religious Tolerance 313 A.D. an episcopal centre was built on this location consisting of twin basilicas, a baptisery, and a bishop's palace. In the time of the Bishops Symferius and Esychius in the early 5th century two monumental longitudinal basilicas, the so-called 'basilicae geminae', were eracted. The northern basilica ( 'Basilica urbana' ), dedicated to Christ, is the largest three-naved basilica was dedicated to Domnio and other Salonitan martyrs. Both basilicas had a common covered atrium, the 'narthex', on the west side. In the 6th century a monumental basilica with a Greek cross layout was built in the place of the southern longitudinal basilica by Bishop Honorius II.
In the 5th century a rectangular baptistery with a hexagonal baptismal font ( 'piscina' ) was built to the north of the twin basilicas. A 'catechumeneum', a room for religious education, was located to the west of the baptistery. The floor was decorated with a mosaic depicting two deer drinking water from a 'kantharos' and the Psalm verses: SICUT CERVUS DESIDERAT AD FONTES AQUARUM ITA DESIDERAT ANIMA MEA AD TE DEUS. (As a hart longs / for flowing streams, / so longs my soul / for thee, O God.). Auxiliary rooms: a waiting room and a dressing room were placed to the east of the baptistery. In the course of the reconstruction and restoration of the Episcopal Centre the baptistery was given an octagonal form with a cross-shaped baptismal font.
The bishop's palace, the episcopium, was situated north of the 'basilica urbana' and comprised a larg number of rooms, preserved in their foundations. Some rooms were designed to be used for practical, i.e. husbandry purposes. The main door leading to the palace was in Peter's Street, named after numerous architectural fragments bearing the incised monogram of Bishop Peter.
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Ruïne Amphitheatre Salona/Solin Croatia
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Roman colonisation in Croatia
A 3rd class students of Croatian Trade school in Slavonski Brod are presenting mind map on Roman Empire and Roman colonisation in Croatia.
The first christian church in Salona (Croatia)
A roman city of Salona was the biggest city on eastern coast of Adriatic sea (60 000 inhabitans). The emperor Diocletianus build his residence near the city. Just few kilometers away is city of Split.
Old Town City Walls of Dubrovnik Croatia Travel Vlog123
The Walls of Old Town Dubrovnik are a series of defensive stone walls surrounding the city of Dubrovnik in southern Croatia. Today's intact city walls, constructed mainly during the 12th–17th centuries, mostly a double line, have long been a source of pride for Dubrovnik. The walls run an uninterrupted course of approximately 1,940 metres (6,360 ft) in length, encircling most of the old city, and reach a maximum height of about 25 metres (82 ft). The bulk of the existing walls and fortifications were constructed during the 14th and 15th centuries, but were continually extended and strengthened up until the 17th century.
SALONA
Salona est un site archéologique de croatie prés de Split, c'est l'empereur romain Dioclétien qui l'a crée.