1812. Napoleonic Wars in Russia. 2 Серия. StarMedia. Документальный Фильм. Babich-Design
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26 августа 1812 года на 124-м километре к западу от Москвы в поле у деревни Бородино две огромные армии вели последние приготовления к одному из самых кровопролитных сражений эпохи. Четверть миллиона человек, более тысячи орудий. Здесь у Бородина решалась судьба всей военной кампании, судьба Москвы, судьба всей России.
Лишь только забрезжил рассвет, во французском и русском лагерях ударили барабаны и зазвучали трубы. Около половины шестого утра более 100 французских орудий начали артиллерийский обстрел позиций левого фланга русских, где находились флеши Багратиона. А первые отвлекающие атаки Наполеон провел на правом фланге.
The project is dedicated to one of the most remarkable and dramatic periods in history -- the Napoleonic Wars from 1803 to 1815. They were a continuation of the wars originally sparked off by the French Revolution of 1789 and threw Europe's armies into mobilization on an unprecedented scale. The Coup d'Etat on 9 November 1799 put France into the hands of a man endowed with a natural genius as a commander and almost unlimited ambition. The 'old order' of Europe was, at the time, in chaos and disunity, with governments operating independently of others, each engaged in the short-term pursuit of private gain and nationalist policies. These factors, together with the powerful army created by Napoleon, combined to make him lord of the European continent, part of his dream of creating a 'global monarchy', with France at its supreme head.
Формат/Type: историческая реконструкция / historical reenactment
Жанр/Genre: докудрама/docudrama
Год производства / Year of production: 2012
Количество серий / Number of episodes: 4
Режиссер / Directed by: Павел Тупик / Pavel Tupik
Сценарий / Written by: Валерий Бабич / Valeriy Babich
Оператор-постановщик / Director of photography: Дмитрий Киптилый / Dmitriy Kiptilyu
Композитор / Music by: Борис Кукоба / Boris Kukoba
Продюсеры/Producers: Валерий Бабич, Влад Ряшин, Олег Вольнов, Константин Эрнст / Valeriy Babich , Vlad Ryashin , Oleg Vol'nov , Konstantin Ernst
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Jewish Autonomous Oblast
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (Russian: Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть, Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast; Yiddish: ייִדישע אווטאָנאָמע געגנט, yidishe avtonome gegnt) is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous oblast) in the Russian Far East, bordering with Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast of Russia and with Heilongjiang province of China. It is also referred to as Yevrey (Yiddish: יעװרײ) and Birobidzhan (Yiddish: ביראבידזשאן). Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 176,558.
Soviet authorities established the autonomous oblast in 1934. It was the result of Joseph Stalin's nationality policy, which provided the Jewish population of the Soviet Union with a large territory in which to pursue Yiddish cultural heritage. According to the 1939 population census, 17,695 Jews lived in the region (16% of the total population). The Jewish population peaked in 1948 at around 30,000, about one-quarter of the region's population.
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Kola Peninsula | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Kola Peninsula
00:04:01 1 Geography
00:04:10 1.1 Location and overview
00:05:48 1.2 Natural resources
00:06:27 1.3 Climate
00:08:15 1.4 Flora and fauna
00:10:26 1.5 Hydrology
00:11:12 1.6 Nuclear waste and pollution
00:12:53 2 History
00:13:02 2.1 Early history
00:14:27 2.2 Novgorodians
00:18:17 2.3 Russian settlement
00:21:38 2.4 Soviet and modern periods
00:24:45 3 Population
00:26:07 4 Economy
00:26:16 4.1 Historical background
00:30:12 4.2 Modern economy
00:33:07 5 See also
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The Kola Peninsula (Russian: Ко́льский полуо́стров, Kolsky poluostrov; from Kildin Sami: Куэлнэгк нёаррк, Kuelnegk njoarrk; Northern Sami: Guoládatnjárga; Finnish: Kuolan niemimaa; Norwegian: Kolahalvøya) is a peninsula in the far northwest of Russia. Constituting the bulk of the territory of Murmansk Oblast, it lies almost completely inside the Arctic Circle and is bordered by the Barents Sea in the north and the White Sea in the east and southeast. The city of Murmansk is the most populous human settlement on the peninsula, with a population of over 300,000 as of the 2010 Census.While the north of the peninsula was already settled in the 7th–5th millennium BCE, the rest of its territory remained uninhabited until the 3rd millennium BCE, when various peoples started to arrive from the south. However, by the 1st millennium CE only the Sami people remained. This changed in the 12th century, when Russian Pomors discovered the peninsula's game and fish riches. Soon after, the Pomors were followed by the tribute collectors from the Novgorod Republic, and the peninsula gradually became a part of the Novgorodian lands. No permanent settlements, however, were established by the Novgorodians until the 15th century.
The Novgorod Republic lost control of the peninsula to the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1471, but the Russian migration did not stop. Several new settlements were established during the 16th century, and the Sami and Pomor people were forced into serfdom. In the second half of the 16th century, the peninsula became a subject of dispute between the Tsardom of Russia and the Kingdom of Denmark–Norway, which resulted in the strengthening of the Russian position. By the end of the 19th century, the indigenous Sami population had been mostly forced north by the Russians as well as by newly arriving Izhma Komi and Kominized Nenets (so-called Yaran people), who migrated here to escape a reindeer disease epidemic in their home lands in the southeast of the White Sea. The original administrative and economic center of the area was Kola, situated at the estuary of the Kola River into the Kola Bay. However, in 1916, Romanov-na-Murmane (now Murmansk) was founded and quickly became the largest city and port on the peninsula.
The Soviet period saw a rapid increase of the population, although most of it remained confined to urbanized territories along the sea coast and the railroads. The Sami people were subject to forced collectivization, including forced relocation to Lovozero and other centralized settlements, and overall the peninsula was heavily industrialized and militarized, largely due to its strategic position and the discovery of the vast apatite deposits in the 1920s. As a result, the ecology of the peninsula suffered major ecological damage, including contamination by military nuclear waste and nickel smelting.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the economy went into decline and the population quickly started to decrease. Between 1989 and 2002, Murmansk Oblast lost almost a quarter of its population; and almost 100,000 more between 2002 and 2010. Nevertheless, the economy rebounded somewhat in the first decade of the 2000s and the peninsula remains the most industrially developed and urbanized region in northern Russia.
Despite the peninsula's northerly location, its proximity to the Gulf Stream leads to unusually high temperatures in winter, but also res ...