WRAP Eternal Flame ceremony in Battery Park and borough concerts
1. Various of fanfare
2. New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg walks on stage
3. SOUNDBITE: (English) Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York:
The first is freedom of speech and expression everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way, everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want, everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear, anywhere in the world.
4. Cutaway
5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York:
Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our strength is in our unity of purpose. Through high concept there can be no end save victory.
6. Cutaway
7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York:
For our country September 11 will always be a day of sorrow, a heartbreaking day of great loss that we will share with 91 nations. But the memories of those we lost will burn with unending brightness and ignite a flame of freedom that lights the world.
8. Cutaway
9. Bloomberg and veteran lighting eternal flame
10. US Secretary of State Colin Powell and former South African President Nelson Mandela arrive on stage
11. Various of dignitaries taking their places
12. Various of singing of God Bless America
13. Wide of dignitaries leaving stage
14. Japanese Prime Minister Koizumi and Canadian Prime Minister Chretien leaving stage with Afghan President Hamid Karzai in background
15. Various orchestra playing Gershwin
16. Various of actress Meryl Streep quoting former US President Abraham Lincoln
17. Wide of orchestra
STORYLINE:
A highly symbolic ceremony at New York's Battery Park, within walking distance of Ground Zero, capped a day of nationwide commemoration and remembrance on September 11.
An eternal flame was lit to remember to victims of the twin towers attacks.
World leaders and international dignitaries of countries who lost citizens at the World Trade Center attack gathered alongside Mayor Bloomberg where The Sphere, the sculpture which formerly stood on the plaza between the World Trade Center towers, is located as a temporary memorial site.
The presence of the leaders was a stark reminder that the victims of the September 11 twin towers attack hailed from all over the globe. The final toll showed that close to 500 victims had foreign origins, coming from 91 countries.
The battered Sphere, incredibly, survived the collapse of the towers.
Interviewed after the attack, German sculptor Fritz Koenig, 77, who created The Sphere, was adamant that it should not be restored, calling the piece a beautiful corpse.
Mayor Bloomberg has said the globe-like sculpture will most likely serve as a centrepiece for a permanent memorial, plans for which are still being formulated.
The Sphere was designated in March as an interim memorial to commemorate the more than 3,000 people who died in the September 11 twin towers attack and the six who perished in the 1993 bombing of the trade center.
During the half-hour ceremony, Mayor Bloomberg read excerpts from Four Freedoms, part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Annual Message to Congress, delivered on Jan. 6, 1941.
The event at Battery Park was broadcast live to each of the five New York boroughs where concerts of commemoration were held.
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Central Park
Central Park is an urban park in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It was initially opened in 1857, on 778 acres (315 ha) of city-owned land (it is 843 acres today). In 1858, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they titled the Greensward Plan. Construction began the same year, continued during the American Civil War, and was completed in 1873. Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States.
Designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, the park is currently managed by the Central Park Conservancy under contract with the city government. The Conservancy is a non-profit organization that contributes 83.5% of Central Park's $37.5 million annual budget and employs 80.7% of the park's maintenance staff.
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Marcus Garvey
Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr., ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940), was a Jamaican political leader, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator who was a staunch proponent of the Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL). He founded the Black Star Line, which promoted the return of the African diaspora to their ancestral lands.
Prior to the twentieth century, leaders such as Prince Hall, Martin Delany, Edward Wilmot Blyden, and Henry Highland Garnet advocated the involvement of the African diaspora in African affairs. Garvey was unique in advancing a Pan-African philosophy to inspire a global mass movement and economic empowerment focusing on Africa known as Garveyism. Promoted by the UNIA as a movement of African Redemption, Garveyism would eventually inspire others, ranging from the Nation of Islam to the Rastafari movement (which proclaims Garvey as a prophet).
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monument hill burial site of Andrew Johnson 17th President
Sorry for a lot of wind noise..one day I'll go back and get a better video on a clear day..I suck at video taping
Islam in America, 18th-21st Century
A symposium on the impact of Islamic religion and culture in America.
For transcript and more information, visit
Central Park
Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan in New York City. The park was initially opened in 1857, on 778 acres of city-owned land . In 1858, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they entitled the Greensward Plan. Construction began the same year, continued during the American Civil War, and was completed in 1873. Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States.
This video targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
African-American civil rights movement (1896–1954) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
African-American civil rights movement (1896–1954)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The African-American civil rights movement (1896–1954) was a long, primarily nonviolent series of events to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. The era has had a lasting impact on United States society, in its tactics, the increased social and legal acceptance of civil rights, and in its exposure of the prevalence and cost of racism.
Two United States Supreme Court decisions—Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), which upheld separate but equal racial segregation as constitutional doctrine, and Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) which overturned Plessy—serve as milestones. This was an era of new beginnings, in which some movements, such as Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association, were very successful but left little lasting legacy, while others, such as the NAACP's painstaking legal assault on state-sponsored segregation, achieved modest results in its early years but made steady progress on voter rights and gradually built to a key victory in Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
After the Civil War, the US expanded the legal rights of African Americans. Congress passed, and enough states ratified, an amendment ending slavery in 1865—the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution. This amendment only outlawed slavery; it provided neither citizenship nor equal rights. In 1868, the 14th Amendment was ratified by the states, granting African Americans citizenship. All persons born in the US were extended equal protection under the laws of the Constitution. The 15th Amendment (ratified in 1870) stated that race could not be used as a condition to deprive men of the ability to vote. During Reconstruction (1865–1877), Northern troops occupied the South. Together with the Freedmen's Bureau, they tried to administer and enforce the new constitutional amendments. Many black leaders were elected to local and state offices, and many others organized community groups, especially to support education.
Reconstruction ended following the Compromise of 1877 between Northern and Southern white elites. In exchange for deciding the contentious Presidential election in favor of Rutherford B. Hayes, supported by Northern states, over his opponent, Samuel J. Tilden, the compromise called for the withdrawal of Northern troops from the South. This followed violence and fraud in southern elections from 1868 to 1876, which had reduced black voter turnout and enabled Southern white Democrats to regain power in state legislatures across the South. The compromise and withdrawal of Federal troops meant that white Democrats had more freedom to impose and enforce discriminatory practices. Many African Americans responded to the withdrawal of federal troops by leaving the South in what is known as the Kansas Exodus of 1879.
The Radical Republicans, who spearheaded Reconstruction, had attempted to eliminate both governmental and private discrimination by legislation. That effort was largely ended by the Supreme Court's decision in the Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883), in which the Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment did not give Congress power to outlaw racial discrimination by private individuals or businesses.
Dover traction elevators at Memorial Union parking garage, ISU, Ames IA
Shot 5/30/2018.
I looked online and realized I missed these, so I went back to film them. The other elevator was broken, and there was a technician actively working on it.
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© 2018 Star City Elevators Productions
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr., ONH , was a Jamaican political leader, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator who was a staunch proponent of the Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League . He founded the Black Star Line, which promoted the return of the African diaspora to their ancestral lands.
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Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Public domain image source in video
ch 15) Self Help In Hard Times
chapter 15: A People's History (Of The United States) Howard Zinn.
~
Chapter 15, Self-Help in Hard Times covers the government's campaign to destroy the IWW, and the factors leading to the Great Depression. Zinn states that, despite popular belief, the 1920s were not a time of prosperity, and the problems of the Depression were simply the chronic problems of the poor extended to the rest of the society. Also covered is the Communist Party's attempts to help the poor during the Depression.
Harlem: The Unmaking of a Ghetto by Camilo Jose Vergara
Writer-photographer Camilo José Vergara's deeply personal Harlem: The Unmaking of a Ghetto is an unprecedented record of urban change. Vergara, a MacArthur fellow, will talk about the neighborhood he chronicled for 43 years, documenting segregation, poverty, and crime, and eventually, economic recovery, gentrification, and racial integration. Eric Washington, author of Manhattanville: Old Heart of West Harlem; Phil Bicker, senior photo editor at Time; and Sharon Zukin, professor of sociology at the Graduate Center, join in the discussion. Co-sponsored by the Gotham Center for New York City History.
Malcolm X | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Malcolm X
00:02:11 1 Early years
00:06:12 2 Nation of Islam period
00:06:22 2.1 Prison
00:08:31 2.2 Early ministry
00:09:57 2.3 Marriage and family
00:11:05 2.4 Hinton Johnson incident
00:13:20 2.5 Increasing prominence
00:14:25 2.6 Advocacy and teachings while with Nation
00:16:48 2.7 Effect on Nation membership
00:18:12 3 Disillusionment and departure
00:18:34 3.1 Lack of NOI response to LAPD violence
00:20:22 3.2 Sexual misbehavior by Elijah Muhammad
00:21:00 3.3 NOI response to his remarks on Kennedy assassination
00:22:11 3.4 Media attention to Malcolmspan
00:22:49 3.5 Departure from NOI
00:23:28 4 Activity after leaving NOI
00:24:32 4.1 Pilgrimage to Mecca
00:25:38 4.2 Africa
00:26:57 4.3 France and United Kingdom
00:28:25 4.4 Return to United States
00:29:09 5 Death threats and intimidation from Nation of Islam
00:30:50 6 Assassination
00:33:20 6.1 Funeral
00:35:29 6.2 Reactions
00:39:28 6.3 Allegations of conspiracy
00:42:32 7 Philosophy
00:43:00 7.1 Beliefs of the Nation of Islam
00:45:18 7.2 Independent views
00:48:54 8 Legacy
00:50:52 8.1 Portrayals in film and on stage
00:52:09 8.2 Memorials and tributes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Malcolm X
(1925–1965)
was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist. To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans; detractors accused him of preaching racism and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history.
His father was killed when he was six and his mother was placed in a mental hospital when he was thirteen, after which he lived in a series of foster homes. In 1946, at age 20, he went to prison for larceny and breaking and entering. While in prison, he became a member of the Nation of Islam (NOI), changing his birth name Malcolm Little to Malcolm X because, he later wrote, Little was the name that the white slavemaster ... had imposed upon [his] paternal forebears. After his parole in 1952, he quickly rose to become one of the organization's most influential leaders, serving as the public face of the controversial group for a dozen years. In his autobiography, Malcolm X wrote proudly of some of the social achievements the Nation made while he was a member, particularly its free drug rehabilitation program. The Nation promoted black supremacy, advocated the separation of black and white Americans, and rejected the civil rights movement for its emphasis on integration.
By March 1964, Malcolm X had grown disillusioned with the Nation of Islam and its leader Elijah Muhammad. Expressing many regrets about his time with them, which he had come to regard as largely wasted, he embraced Sunni Islam. After a period of travel in Africa and the Middle East, which included completing the Hajj, he also became known as el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz. He repudiated the Nation of Islam, disavowed racism and founded Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. He continued to emphasize Pan-Africanism, black self-determination, and black self-defense.
On February 21, 1965, he was assassinated by three members of the Nation of Islam.
ABC Millennium Coverage (2000) Part 7
ABC's coverage of the millennium, Dec 31, 1999 to Jan 1, 2000. Part 7 of 12.
J. EDGAR HOOVER - WikiVidi Documentary
John Edgar Hoover , better known as J. Edgar Hoover, was the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States. He was appointed as the fifth director of the Bureau of Investigation — the FBI's predecessor — in 1924 and was instrumental in founding the FBI in 1935, where he remained director until his death in 1972 at the age of 77. Hoover has been credited with building the FBI into a larger crime-fighting agency than it was at its inception and with instituting a number of modernizations to police technology, such as a centralized fingerprint file and forensic laboratories. Later in life and after his death, Hoover became a controversial figure as evidence of his secretive abuses of power began to surface. He was found to have exceeded the jurisdiction of the FBI, and to have used the FBI to harass political dissenters and activists, to amass secret files on political leaders, and to collect evidence using illegal methods. Hoover consequently amassed a grea...
____________________________________
Shortcuts to chapters:
00:02:22: Early life
00:05:07: Department of Justice
00:08:39: Gangster wars
00:11:58: Investigation of subversion and radicals
00:16:11: COINTELPRO and the 1950s
00:19:52: Response to Mafia and civil rights groups
00:23:04: Late career
00:24:03: Pets
00:24:42: Death
00:25:50: Legacy
00:28:36: Portrayals
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
New York State Senate Session - 06/02/14
New York State Senate Session - 06/02/14
Kwame Nkrumah
Kwame Nkrumah, P.C. (21 September 1909 – 27 April 1972) was the leader of Ghana and its predecessor state, the Gold Coast, from 1951 to 1966. Overseeing the nation's independence from British colonisation in 1957, Nkrumah was the first President of Ghana and the first Prime Minister of Ghana. An influential 20th-century advocate of Pan-Africanism, he was a founding member of the Organisation of African Unity and was the winner of the Lenin Peace Prize in 1963. He saw himself as an African Lenin.
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We Are Revolutionaries - What Black Power Tells Us About Democracy in America (full program)
From We Are Revolutionaries - What Black Power Tells Us About Democracy in America
A Conversation with Peniel Joseph and Yohuru Williams
February 10, 2015
NYU Gallatin School of Individualized Study
Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors August 13, 2019 9:30 AM
Carter G. Woodson
Carter Godwin Woodson was an African-American historian, author, journalist and the founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History. Woodson was one of the first scholars to study African-American history. A founder of Journal of Negro History, Woodson has been cited as the father of black history.
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Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Public domain image source in video
W. E. B. Du Bois | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
W. E. B. Du Bois
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois ( doo-BOYSS; February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community. After completing graduate work at the University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. Du Bois was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
Du Bois rose to national prominence as the leader of the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American activists who wanted equal rights for blacks. Du Bois and his supporters opposed the Atlanta compromise, an agreement crafted by Booker T. Washington which provided that Southern blacks would work and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic educational and economic opportunities. Instead, Du Bois insisted on full civil rights and increased political representation, which he believed would be brought about by the African-American intellectual elite. He referred to this group as the Talented Tenth and believed that African Americans needed the chances for advanced education to develop its leadership.
Racism was the main target of Du Bois's polemics, and he strongly protested against lynching, Jim Crow laws, and discrimination in education and employment. His cause included people of color everywhere, particularly Africans and Asians in colonies. He was a proponent of Pan-Africanism and helped organize several Pan-African Congresses to fight for the independence of African colonies from European powers. Du Bois made several trips to Europe, Africa and Asia. After World War I, he surveyed the experiences of American black soldiers in France and documented widespread prejudice in the United States military.
Du Bois was a prolific author. His collection of essays, The Souls of Black Folk, was a seminal work in African-American literature; and his 1935 magnum opus, Black Reconstruction in America, challenged the prevailing orthodoxy that blacks were responsible for the failures of the Reconstruction Era. Borrowing a phrase from Frederick Douglass, he popularized the use of the term color line to represent the injustice of the separate but equal doctrine prevalent in American social and political life. He opens The Souls of Black Folk with the central thesis of much of his life's work: The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line.
He wrote one of the first scientific treatises in the field of American sociology, and he published three autobiographies, each of which contains essays on sociology, politics and history. In his role as editor of the NAACP's journal The Crisis, he published many influential pieces. Du Bois believed that capitalism was a primary cause of racism, and he was generally sympathetic to socialist causes throughout his life. He was an ardent peace activist and advocated nuclear disarmament. The United States' Civil Rights Act, embodying many of the reforms for which Du Bois had campaigned his entire life, was enacted a year after his death.